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Why street harassment cases in Kano are under-reported
Zulaiha Danjuma
The coordinator National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Shehu Abdullahi has identified three factors that increase the number of under-reported cases of street harassment in Kano state
Mr. Abdullahi told KANO FOCUS that the three factors are; Non regard of Street harassment as a form of sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV), Stigma, and Lack of awareness
Non-regard of street harassment as a form of SGBV
Mr. Abdullahi said the reason why street harassment cases are under-reported is because it is not considered as a case of SGBV by victims
“Throughout the year 2023 they were not more than 10 cases of street harassment that got reported to the commission, unlike cases of rape that we have a lot of data”
“Victims do not take it as serious as they take other cases of sexual and gender based violence”
“The number of street harassment cases are usually minimal, especially if the incident has not gotten to the level of certain sexual abuses” Mr. Abdullahi said
Stigma
Mr. Abdullahi said most of the cases that relate to street harassment are usually entangled in work related relationships
“We receive cases of sexual harassment in public places concerning clients, visitors or even work colleagues”
“If a married woman is been harassed in a public place due to the work sitting by a client or colleague she may feel awkward to report because of the interpretation society will give to the whole case if it’s exposed”
” Even her husband may start to suspect a fowl play, that may affect her work,” he said.
Lack of Awareness
The coordinator said many people are not aware that street harassment could lead to other forms of sexual and gender based violence, hence, they do not considered street harassment as a serious offense be to reported.
“No matter how small an offense is if it is not reported and handle by the provisions of the law there will definitely be an increase of such offense.
“When people are not punished for committing offenses like street harassment, more people will take it upon themselves to commit more of such offense” he said.
Victims shared their experience
Some victims of various forms of street harassment shared their experience with Kano Focus. One of them is Aisha Abdulkadir, a tertiary student and an intern at a popular local radio station in Kano state
Ms. Abdulkadir said the kind of street harassment experience she had was of verbal abuse and derogatory comments
“It was on 1st may 2023 I was going to my class three security guards in my school started making sneak noises and hissing at me to get my attention.
“I was on a call as I walked towards them I didn’t respond to them while they made efforts to get my attention, so when I got close enough they started to yell and shout insulting and derogatory words at me.
“They queried me for not responding to their call and I told them that I didn’t know they were speaking to me since they didn’t address me directly.
“Then they just started to verbally haul abused and insults at me and even threatened that they had the right to rusticate me from the school, ” she said.
Maryam Lamin (not her real name) had a similar experience while working on the streets of Sharada in Kano state
She suffered verbal abuse from a young man just for turning down his romantic advances.
“I was working to see a friend that lived few blocks away from where I met the boy who started to follow me and profess love to me.
“He asked for my name and my phone number which I declined, he continued to follow me and pushed me harder to give him my contact but I simply walked on and ignored him.
“At some point he got really angry and started to shout at me saying that I was not even beautiful and he was just trying to help me by speaking to me.
“He even when no to rain abuses on my mother, verbally insulting me and saying who was I to ignore him,” she recalled.
Ms Lamin went on to say that the encounter shocked her and made her sad because she had never believed she could have such an experience.
I wasn’t expecting being groped at a market
25 years old Zarah Bulma (not her real name) said when a stranger at the popular kwari market robbed his genitals against her buttocks she froze.
“I never expected such a thing, I have heard about such incidents in the market and public places but I never thought it would happen to me.
“We were all clustered together trying to move through the large amount of goods laying on the road when suddenly I felt something rub against my buttocks.
“At first I thought it was because of the cluster of people standing so close to each other so I tried to adjust and move forward a bit, when i suddenly felt a male pushing and rubbing against my buttocks.
“I froze for a split second because I was in shock, then I used my elbows to hit the man in his stomach area, immediately he hurriedly turn back and walked away.
“I never got a good look at his face I only saw that he was wearing white, ” she said.
Similarly, a journalist, Hadiza Yusuf narrated to KANO FOCUS how a man unsolicitedly showed her his genitals at a Petrol station on her way to cover a story.
“In November 2023, I was supposed to go to a local government area to cover a story with a colleague, so I had to wait for my colleague around Unguwa uku.
“Before unguwa uku there is a junction and by the junction is a Petrol station where I decided to stand while waiting for my colleague.
Ms Yusuf added that a few trailers were packed inside the Petrol station which provided a temporary shade.
“So I stayed by the side of two trailers blocking the sun and shielding me from the full glare of the public.
“When suddenly a man started walking up to me unzipped his trousers and brought out his genitals.
“I was shocked, and the man start saying I should come and take, I was shocked and wandered what he meant by that statement.
“He continued to walk up closer to me saying that I should come and take, so I just pretended that I didn’t know what he was talking about, ” she said.
Ms Yusuf said she was shocked that a man well dressed and looking responsible could exhibit such behavior.
“I then had to leave the place and I went and stood at the main road, when he saw that I moved away he then pretended that nothing happened and zipped up.
“But he didn’t leave, he stood and kept on watching me, then he walked closer to me again and stood beside me then started saying in Hausa ‘zo muje mana’ (come lets go), this was while i was now standing at the main road and not inside the petrol station anymore.
“I then left that place again, so he would leave me alone but he kept following me. So, I stood my ground and refused to move any further, because I knew he couldn’t do anything crazy in the full glare of the public, then he got tired and left, ” she said.
According to UN Women harassment is any improper and unwelcome conduct that might reasonably be expected or perceived to cause offense or humiliation to any person. Street harassments are any verbal, physical or physiological harm done to people in public spaces
The UN women said harassment may take either forms of words, gastures, or actions which tend to annoy, alarm, demean, intimidate, belittle, humiliate or embarrass another or which creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment.
In Nigeria, according to a 2019 report by Guardian Newspaper with support from Code for Africa Lagos state ranked the highest state with market harassment experiences in the country with a figure of 71.1%. The report also said that among the demography largely affected by this kind of street harassment were females between the ages of 21-25 and 31-35, representing a percentage of 26.5% and 21.7% respectively.
Despite the fact the Guardian Newspaper report did not capture incidents of street harassment in Kano state, Kano Focus gathers that the perpetration of varying kinds of street harassment exist in the state.
But these incidents are rarely if ever reported to security agencies or in the media for different socio-cultural reasons, among others.
The issue of street harassment though not explicitly stated in the Penal code, which stand as the body of law used in Kano state and other Northern states in Nigeria.
The Penal code did make references to harassment in Section 285, where is says this, ” Whoever commits an act of gross indecency upon the person of another without his consent or by the use of force or threats compels a person to join with him in the commission of that act, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 7 years and shall ; he liable to fine”.
KANO FOCUS reached out the Kano state police command through it’s public relations officer SP Abdullahi Haruna Kiyawa on whether the command receives and handles cases of alleged street harassments.
However, Mr. Kiyawa was not available to speak to the reporter as of the time of filing this report.
Nasiru Yusuf Ibrahim
The Kano State Government says it has executed 1,508 development projects worth more than N928 billion across the state’s 44 local government areas since Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf assumed office, with about 80 per cent of constituency projects awarded between 2023 and 2025 already completed.
KANO FOCUS reports that the Commissioner for Public Procurement, Projects Monitoring and Evaluation, Comrade Nura Iro Ma’aji Sumaila, disclosed this during an international press briefing on the administration’s infrastructure development programme.
According to Comrade Sumaila, the projects cover critical sectors including roads, urban renewal, education, healthcare, security and other social infrastructure.
He said 799 of the projects have been completed, while 709 are at various stages of execution. He added that the state is also implementing 619 constituency projects through members of the Kano State House of Assembly.
The commissioner noted that about 80 per cent of the constituency projects have been completed. However, he said some projects remain unfinished because of rising construction costs caused by inflation.
He said the government has submitted a request to Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf for an upward review of contract sums to enable contractors complete the affected projects.
Breakdown of projects
Comrade Sumaila said the administration spent over N169 billion on urban renewal projects, including road rehabilitation, drainage construction and other metropolitan infrastructure.
He said another N118 billion was committed to constructing five-kilometre roads in 38 local government areas to improve connectivity across the state.
According to him, the government also awarded contracts worth over N6.8 billion for the construction of Kano State Neighbourhood Watch security divisions in 36 local government areas.
He added that rural infrastructure projects covering education, healthcare and other social interventions across the 44 local government areas account for contracts valued at more than N397 billion, while other ongoing projects have a combined value of about N255 billion.
Commitment to transparency
The commissioner said the Ministry of Public Procurement, Projects Monitoring and Evaluation would continue to ensure compliance with due process and technical standards in the execution of government projects.
He said the ministry’s mandate includes monitoring projects to ensure value for money and prudent utilisation of public resources.
According to him, the administration’s investments in infrastructure are intended to improve mobility, strengthen security, expand access to education and healthcare, improve water supply and stimulate economic growth across the state.
Nasiru Yusuf Ibrahim
Kano State has emerged as the highest-ranked sub-national government in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for education spending, according to the latest Sub-National Education Spending Index developed by the University of Paris.
KANO FOCUS reports that the ranking places Kano State first among 209 first-level sub-national governments across 15 ECOWAS member countries, underscoring the state’s growing reputation for prioritising investment in education.
According to the published index, Kano topped the rankings with an overall S-WAESI score of 87.21, outperforming other leading regions, including Dakar and Saint-Louis in Senegal. Lagos State was the second Nigerian state on the list, ranking 16th overall.
The assessment evaluated states and regions using the S-WAESI (Sub-National Weighted Aggregate Education Spending Index) methodology, which measures government commitment to education through indicators such as actual education expenditure, spending per student, budget execution, education priority, transparency and evidence-based reporting.
The methodology assigns 35 points to actual education spending, 25 points to spending per student, 20 points to budget execution, 10 points to education priority and 10 points to transparency.
The report indicated that Kano excelled largely due to its strong actual education spending and budget execution, making it the best-performing sub-national government in the region.
The ranking covered states, regions, districts and municipalities across Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Togo, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde.
Kano State Accountability Forum on Education (K-SAFE) said the recognition reflects Kano State Government’s sustained investment in expanding access to education, improving school infrastructure and strengthening educational planning and budget implementation.
KANO FOCUS reports that the achievement is expected to further boost the state’s profile as a leader in education reform within West Africa and provide additional momentum for ongoing efforts to improve learning outcomes across the state.
The latest ranking comes amid renewed attention on education financing across ECOWAS, with experts increasingly emphasising transparent budgeting, efficient resource utilisation and sustained public investment as critical drivers of quality education.
Nasiru Yusuf Ibrahim
Kano State has emerged as one of the biggest beneficiaries of the World Bank-supported HOPE Governance Programme after qualifying for a total of $3.5 million in performance-based incentives for implementing key governance, education and healthcare reforms.
KANO FOCUS reports that the World Bank, through the HOPE Governance Programme domiciled in the Federal Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning, approved $27 million in incentives for states that successfully met the Year Zero Disbursement-Linked Results (DLRs).
The National Coordinator of the HOPE Governance Programme, Assad Hassan, announced the incentives on Tuesday in Abuja during a retreat attended by commissioners, permanent secretaries and directors of budget and planning from the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory.
A statement issued by the programme’s Communications Officer, Joe Mutah, said the incentives were based on the recommendations of the Interim Independent Verification Agent, which assessed states’ performance against agreed reform indicators.
Kano ranked among the highest-performing states, qualifying for incentives under three separate reform indicators.
The state will receive $1.5 million under Disbursement-Linked Result (DLR) 2.1 for adopting comprehensive guidelines for the preparation and submission of consolidated work plans for the state basic education budget.
It also qualified for another $1.5 million under DLR 2.2, which recognises states that adopted comprehensive guidelines for consolidated work plans for state primary healthcare budgets.
In addition, Kano secured $500,000 under DLR 2.3 for adopting harmonised budget guidelines and a unified chart of accounts for local governments.
Altogether, the state is expected to receive $3.5 million, making it one of the top-performing states under the programme.
Only five states—Bayelsa, Borno, Kano, Kebbi and Yobe—qualified for both the education and healthcare planning incentives, earning $3 million each from the two indicators alone.
Kano further distinguished itself by qualifying under the local government budgeting reform indicator, increasing its total allocation to $3.5 million.
The state also featured among 15 states that met the requirements under DLR 4.1, which rewards states for publishing their 2025 Citizens Budget for basic education and primary healthcare by February 28, 2025. Each qualifying state under this indicator will receive $500,000.
Other states that qualified under DLR 4.1 are Abia, Bayelsa, Borno, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kebbi, Kogi, Nasarawa, Ondo, Plateau and Yobe.
According to the programme, the performance-based incentives are designed to encourage states to strengthen governance systems, improve budget transparency and enhance planning in the education and primary healthcare sectors.
KANO FOCUS reports that the HOPE Governance Programme is a World Bank-supported initiative implemented through the Federal Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning to promote improved public financial management and better service delivery across Nigeria’s states.
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